The statement that best explains the differences between the two passages is:
Common Sense argues for the purpose of government, while the Federalist Papers argues for the structure of government.
This is because in "Common Sense," Thomas Paine discusses the rationale behind the existence of government and the necessity for it due to the flaws in human nature, emphasizing its purpose. In contrast, Madison's "Federalist 51" focuses on the mechanisms of the government, specifically how to structure it to maintain the separation of powers and prevent tyranny.