Here’s a classification of the internal and external factors that contributed to the decline of the Han dynasty:
Internal Factors:
- growing gap between rich and poor
- fighting between provinces and governors for power
- lack of food
- land distribution issues
- peasant revolts
- higher taxes on farmers
External Factors:
- Raids from Mongols
- raids from Xiongnu
This classification distinguishes between the factors stemming from within the Han dynasty and those that originated from outside forces.