Scholars still have questions about several aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization. The following are key areas of ongoing research and inquiry:
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Writing System: The script of the Indus Valley Civilization remains undeciphered, leading to questions about their language, literature, and communication methods.
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Political Structure: Scholars are uncertain about the political organization and governance of the civilization, including whether it was centralized or consisted of independent city-states.
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Religion and Beliefs: There is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the religious beliefs, practices, and deities worshipped by the Indus Valley people.
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Decline and Abandonment: The reasons behind the decline and eventual abandonment of the cities after the peak of the civilization are still widely debated.
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Social Structure and Economy: Questions remain regarding the social hierarchies, occupational roles, and economic practices, including trade relationships with neighboring cultures.
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Urban Planning and Architecture: While the cities exhibit advanced urban planning, the full understanding of their architectural practices and urban layout still invites inquiry.
These areas reflect the complexity of the Indus Valley Civilization and highlight the ongoing challenges faced by historians and archaeologists in reconstructing its history.