Confucius emphasized several key teachings that form the foundation of Confucianism. While there isn't a fixed number of teachings, some of the most significant concepts include:
- Ren (仁) - Often translated as "benevolence" or "humaneness," this is the core virtue of Confucianism.
- Li (礼) - Refers to ritual, proper conduct, and the importance of social norms.
- Xiao (孝) - Filial piety, or the respect and duty owed to one's parents and ancestors.
- Yi (义) - Righteousness or justice, which emphasizes moral integrity and doing what is right.
- Zhi (智) - Knowledge or wisdom, referring to understanding and making informed decisions.
- Chunzi (君子) - The "gentleman" or "noble person," indicating an ideal moral character to strive for.
Additionally, the Five Relationships (ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, elder brother-younger brother, and friend-friend) are crucial in outlining the social hierarchy within Confucianism.
Overall, Confucian teachings encompass a blend of moral philosophy, ethics, proper behavior, and the significance of relationships, but the focus is often on a few core concepts rather than a definitive number of teachings.