Choose a term from COLUMN A that matches the description in COLUMN B.

Question

Write ONLY the letter (A–I) next to the question numbers 1.1.1 to 1.1.8. For
example 1.1.9 J.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.1.1 Air mass A A seasonal wind that occurs over parts
of South America, Africa, and Asia.
1.1.2 Atmospheric
pressure
B Brings drought-like conditions to South
Africa.
1.1.3 Desertification C The balance between Coriolis force and
pressure gradient force.
1.1.4 Monsoons D A hot, dry wind that blows down the
leeward side of a mountain.
1.1.5 El Nino E A large volume of air covering a large
area that has a similar temperature,
atmospheric pressure and humidity.
1.1.6 Berg wind F Brings heavy rainfall and flooding to
South Africa.
1.1.7 Geostrophic flow G The process of fertile land becoming
more arid as it becomes a desert.
1.1.8 La Nina H The weight of the atmosphere on the
surface of the Earth.
(8 x 1) (8)
Question 1.2
Choose the correct words/terms from the box below to complete the paragraph
below. Write only the correct word(s) next to the question numbers 1.2.1 – 1.2.7.
4
33.5°; smaller; 21st of June; unequal; cold Benguela current;
larger; 23.5°; equal; 21st of December; warm Agulhas current
Heat is concentrated at the equator due to a 1.2.1 _____________ surface area,
while polar regions are cooler because the sun has to heat up a 1.2.2 ___________
surface area. The tilt of the Earth’s axis is 1.2.3____________. The tilt in the Earth’s
axis gives rise to 1.2.4___________ lengths of day and night. The summer solstice
falls on the 1.2.5_______ in South Africa. The 1.2.6________ is found on the western
side of South Africa while the 1.2.7_________ is found on the eastern side of South
Africa.
(7 x 1) (7)
Question 1.3
Refer to Figure 1 below on the tri-cellular model of global air circulation and
answer the questions that follow.
Figure 1: Tri-cellular model of global air circulation
5
1.3.1 Give the name of the pressure belts located at 0°, 30°N/S and 90°N/S of
the equator. (3 x 1) (3)
1.3.2 Name the wind that blows from 30°N/S to 60°N/S of the equator, and
state which of the tri-celluar cells are formed due to this wind. (2 x 1) (2)
1.3.3 Explain how the subpolar low pressure belt forms. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.4 Discuss how the Hadley cell is formed. (3 x 2) (6)
[15]
Question 1.4
Refer to the map of climatic zones below and answer the questions that follow.
Figure 2: Africa’s climate region
6
1.4.1 Which two factors define climate regions? (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.2 Based on the map given in Figure 2, what would be the climatic regions of
Cape Town and Durban? (2 x 1) (2)
1.4.3 Explain how convection currents and convergence play a role in the
rainfall received in equatorial regions. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.4 Discuss why it would be difficult to grow crops in North Africa. (2 x 2) (4)
1.4.5 Which climate region is a uniquely South African climate region?
(1 x 1) (1)
1.4.6 Explain how the distance from the sea can influence how much rainfall a
place can receive. (1 x 2) (2)
[15]
Question 1.5
Use Figure 3 below on drought in Africa to aid you in answering the following
questions.
Figure 3: Drought
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1.5.1 Define drought. (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.2 Provide evidence from Figure 3 above that the drought is both a:
1.5.2.1 Meteorological drought. (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.2.2 Agricultural drought (1 x 1) (1)
1.5.3 Discuss two possible causes of drought. (2 x 2) (4)
1.5.4 In a paragraph of approximately eight lines, discuss what management
strategies can be implemented by the South African government to
prepare for possible droughts. (4 x 2) (8)
[15]
TOTAL QUESTION 1: 60 MARKS
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QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY
Question 2.1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the correct answer by ONLY writing the letters (A-D) next to the question
numbers 2.1.1 - 2.1.8.
Question 2.1.1
Mesas are found in the _________ climatic region.
A. Equatorial
B. Mediterranean
C. Karoo
D. Tropical
Question 2.1.2
In this landform, the scarp slope faces inwards and the dip slope faces outwards.
A. Cuesta dome
B. Homoclinal ridge
C. Cuesta basin
D. Hogsback
Question 2.1.3
Which of the following is the largest of all igneous intrusions?
A. Laccolith
B. Sill
C. Lopolith
D. Batholith
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Question 2.1.4
A granite dome is an example of a ________
A. Sedimentary rock
B. Inclined rock
C. Metamorphic rock
D. Massive igneous rock
Question 2.1.5
A large, flat area of land found inland that occurs at an altitude of over 1000m.
A. Coastal plain
B. Plateau
C. Karoo basin
D. Escarpment
Question 2.1.6
The bottom of the slope is called the __________
A. Crest
B. Talus
C. Pediment
D. Scarp
Question 2.1.7
A slump is an example of what type of mass movement?
A. Flow mass movement
B. Slide mass movement
C. Fall mass movement
D. None of the above
10
Question 2.1.8
Stratified rocks refer to rocks that are ________
A. Layered
B. Tilted
C. Have cracks and joints
D. Have bends
(8 x 1) (8)
Question 2.2
Choose the correct word(s) from those given in brackets which will make each
statement geographically CORRECT. Write only the word(s) next to the question
numbers 2.2.1 – 2.2.7.
2.2.1 (Humid/Arid) climates experience sheetwash.
2.2.2 The study of landforms and their processes is referred to as
(topography/geomorphology).
2.2.3 Rocks that form above the Earth’s surface are called (intrusive/extrusive)
igneous rocks.
2.2.4 Dykes are (vertical/horizontal) sheets of dolerite.
2.2.5 (Chemical/Biological) weathering is said to have led to the formation of
tors.
2.2.6 (Mud flow/Soil creep) occurs when soil grains expand because of
wetness and dryness.
2.2.7 (Saturated/unsaturated) soil has a higher risk factor in mass
movements.
(7 x 1) (7)
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Question 2.3
Study the image on horizontally layered rocks below and answer the questions
that follow.
Figure 4: Horizontally layered rocks
2.3.1 What possible type of rock makes up the resistant cap rock as seen in
Figure 4 above. (1 x 1) (1)
2.3.2 Explain how a basaltic plateau is formed. (2 x 2) (4)
2.3.3 How can hilly landscapes found in humid climates be beneficial to
humans? (1 x 2) (2)
2.3.4 Discuss how canyon landscapes are formed. (3 x 2) (6)
2.3.5 What is a positive impact of canyon landscapes on the area in which they
are found? (1 x 2) (2)
[15]
12
Question 2.4
Refer to the diagram below on inclined rock strata when answering the following
questions.
Figure 5: Inclined rock strata
2.4.1 Identify rock formations A and B. (2 x 1) (2)
2.4.2 Discuss two differences that can be seen between rock formations A and
B. (2 x 2) (4)
2.4.3 Explain how homoclinal shifting causes a homoclinal ridge to move
towards the dip slope. (3 x 2) (6)
2.4.4 How can a dip slope be used by people? (1 x 2) (2)
2.4.5 Give one reason why scarp slopes are rarely used by people. (1 x 1) (1)
[15]

Answer 1

Question 1.1 Answers:

1.1.1 E
1.1.2 H
1.1.3 G
1.1.4 A
1.1.5 F
1.1.6 D
1.1.7 C
1.1.8 B

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Question 1.2 Answers:

1.2.1 larger
1.2.2 smaller
1.2.3 23.5°
1.2.4 unequal
1.2.5 21st of June
1.2.6 cold Benguela current
1.2.7 warm Agulhas current

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Question 1.3 Answers:

1.3.1 Equatorial low pressure, Subtropical high pressure, Polar high pressure
1.3.2 The westerlies; Ferrel cell
1.3.3 The subpolar low-pressure belt forms when polar air meets warmer air from lower latitudes, causing the warmer air to rise, creating a low-pressure area.
1.3.4 The Hadley cell is formed by intense solar heating at the equator, causing warm air to rise. This rising air cools and spreads out towards the poles, descending at 30° latitude, creating a circulation pattern between the equator and the subtropics.

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Question 1.4 Answers:

1.4.1 Temperature and precipitation
1.4.2 Cape Town - Mediterranean climate; Durban - Humid subtropical climate
1.4.3 Convection currents lead to the heating of air, which rises, and as it cools, it condenses, causing rainfall. Convergence occurs when trade winds meet, forcing warm, moist air to rise and create precipitation in equatorial regions.
1.4.4 It is difficult to grow crops in North Africa due to extreme aridity, limited water supply, and harsh climatic conditions that affect soil fertility and crop yield.
1.4.5 The Fynbos
1.4.6 The distance from the sea can influence rainfall because coastal areas typically receive more moisture from ocean breezes, leading to higher rainfall amounts, while inland areas may be drier.

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Question 1.5 Answers:

1.5.1 Drought is defined as an extended period of deficient rainfall relative to the statistical average for a region.
1.5.2.1 Evidence for meteorological drought: Data shows a significant decrease in rainfall over time or below average precipitation levels.
1.5.2.2 Evidence for agricultural drought: Unfavorable soil moisture levels leading to crop failure or reduced agricultural yield.
1.5.3 Possible causes of drought include climatic variability such as El Niño or La Niña, and human activities like deforestation and over-extraction of water resources.
1.5.4 Management strategies for drought can include implementing water conservation practices, improving irrigation systems, investing in technology for water recycling, and promoting drought-resistant crops.

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Question 2.1 Answers:

2.1.1 C
2.1.2 C
2.1.3 D
2.1.4 D
2.1.5 B
2.1.6 B
2.1.7 B
2.1.8 A

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Question 2.2 Answers:

2.2.1 Arid
2.2.2 geomorphology
2.2.3 extrusive
2.2.4 vertical
2.2.5 Chemical
2.2.6 Soil creep
2.2.7 Saturated

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Question 2.3 Answers:

2.3.1 Basalt
2.3.2 A basaltic plateau is formed by the accumulation of lava flows, which solidify into layers, building up over time. Erosion processes then expose these layers, creating a plateau.
2.3.3 Hilly landscapes in humid climates can provide natural resources, such as timber, and can be ideal for agriculture due to their varying microclimates and drainage patterns.
2.3.4 Canyon landscapes are formed by erosional processes from rivers cutting through rock layers over time, which creates deep valleys.
2.3.5 A positive impact of canyon landscapes is they can attract tourism, which boosts local economies and provides recreational opportunities.

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Question 2.4 Answers:

2.4.1 A - Syncline; B - Anticline
2.4.2 Differences include: A has a low point while B has a high point; B is formed by upward folding while A is formed by downward folding.
2.4.3 Homoclinal shifting occurs when geological forces push rock layers to incline, causing existing homoclinal ridges to shift downward towards the dip slope, gradually altering their shape and position.
2.4.4 A dip slope can be utilized for agriculture or construction as it provides more stable and accessible terrain compared to the steeper scarp slope.
2.4.5 Scarp slopes are rarely used by people due to their steepness, making them difficult and dangerous for activities such as agriculture and construction.

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This format offers clear shorthand responses for each section, suitable for a geography examination context.