To determine how many more people live in China than in India, we need to perform the calculation based on the provided population figures.
- Population of China: \( 1.45 \times 10^9 \)
- Population of India: \( 1,400,000,000 \) which can be expressed in scientific notation as \( 1.4 \times 10^9 \).
Next, we calculate the difference:
\[ \text{Difference} = \text{Population of China} - \text{Population of India} \]
Substituting the values: \[ \text{Difference} = (1.45 \times 10^9) - (1.4 \times 10^9) \]
To subtract these, we align the powers of ten: \[ \text{Difference} = (1.45 - 1.4) \times 10^9 = 0.05 \times 10^9 \]
Now, we can convert \( 0.05 \times 10^9 \) into a more standard scientific notation: \[ 0.05 \times 10^9 = 5 \times 10^{-2} \times 10^9 = 5 \times 10^7 \]
So, the difference in population between China and India is \( 5 \times 10^7 \).
The correct answer is \( 5 \times 10^7 \).