In the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), the bonds that are formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms are polar covalent bonds.
This is because the carbon and oxygen atoms have different electronegativities, causing the shared electrons in the bonds to be more attracted to the oxygen atom, leading to a dipole moment in the molecule. Therefore, the correct answer is polar covalent.