The four ways in which humans change the Earth from the list you provided are:
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People form settlements. - The establishment of settlements alters the land, influences local ecosystems, and changes natural landscapes.
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People migrate. - Migration can lead to changes in population distribution, cultural exchange, and environmental impacts in both the areas people are moving from and to.
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People develop economic networks. - Economic activities can lead to resource extraction, land use changes, and shifts in environmental policies and practices.
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People create distinct cultures. - Cultural practices can influence land use, agriculture, and conservation practices, thereby affecting the environment.
The other items, such as building governmental systems and investing in stock markets, might impact society and economies but are less directly related to physical changes in the Earth’s environment.