1
Cesar Chavez was a Mexican-American labor leader and civil rights activist who dedicated his life to what he called la causa (the cause). He fought to improve the lives and working conditions of farmworkers through organizing and labor union contracts.
2
Born in Arizona in 1927, Chavez grew up during the Great Depression. Alongside more than 300,000 others, he and his family were forced to move to California to become migrant farmworkers. As a child, Chavez was continually migrating across the southwest, working in fields and vineyards under deplorable conditions. He was one of the thousands of farmworkers—the nation’s poorest and most powerless laborers—who worked to put food on American tables while having little for their own. By 8th grade, Chavez dropped out of school to work full time, but he never gave up on education, and he continued to study on his own.
3
After serving in the Navy for two years, Chavez returned to the fields. Later, he met two influential people, Father Donald McDonnel and Fred Ross. Together, they discussed how to improve the farm workers’ dire situation. Chavez became an organizer for Community Service Organization (CSO), a Latin civil rights group, where he fought to end racial and economic discrimination. In 1962, after facing pushback for his efforts to form a union, Chavez resigned his position and went on to found the National Farm Workers Association. Joined by Dolores Huerta—another labor leader and Chicano rights leader—he turned his organization into the United Farm Workers.
4
While previous attempts to unionize farmworkers had failed, Chavez and Huerta organized a significant strike against California’s grape growers. Chavez led a 340-mile march from Delano to Sacramento, CA, in 1966 and undertook a well-publicized 25-day hunger strike to garner national support. He built a diverse, national coalition of students, middle-class consumers, trade unionists, religious groups, and minorities. The strike ended in success in 1970, increasing workers’ pay and giving them the right to unionize.
5
For more than three decades, Chavez led the union, achieving fair wages, medical coverage, pension benefits, and humane living conditions, as well as other rights and protections for farmworkers.
6
Chavez passed away in 1993, at the age of 66. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award, by President Bill Clinton.
7
Chavez remains an icon for organized labor and leftist groups in the U.S. He is known as a “folk saint” among Mexican Americans and has left an indelible mark on American history.
Multiple Choice Question
Which detail best supports the central idea that César Chavez was an effective organizer?
A.
He worked for a Latin civil rights group.
B.
He grew up during the Depression.
C.
He continued to study on his own after leaving school.
D.
He built a diverse national coalition.
7 answers
The detail that best supports the central idea that César Chavez was an effective organizer is:
D. He built a diverse national coalition.
This detail directly illustrates his ability to bring together various groups to support the cause of farmworkers, highlighting his effectiveness in organizing efforts.
The best description of the author's view of César Chavez is:
A. respectful and admiring
The author emphasizes Chavez's dedication, accomplishments, and the impact he had on the rights and conditions of farmworkers, portraying him as an important figure in American history with a legacy that inspires respect and admiration.
Based on the context of your question about paragraph 5, which discusses César Chavez, it seems there may be some confusion, as the options provided relate to the use of cell phones in the classroom. In regard to the original text about César Chavez, it does not have a paragraph 5 that discusses cell phone use.
However, if we were to answer the question regarding the support of a central claim about the responsible use of technology in education (which appears to be the focus of your question), the best option would be:
C. The information in paragraph 5 supports the author's central claim by providing examples of ways that teachers can use cell phones to give daily exams that track student progress.
This option supports a claim by demonstrating a practical application of the technology in an educational setting. If you need clarification or if you meant to ask a question specifically related to César Chavez, please let me know!
The two words the author could use to replace "manipulate" in the sentence without changing the meaning or tone are:
A. exploit and C. negotiate.
However, while "negotiate" can fit in some contexts, it may not convey the same level of control implied by "manipulate." Thus, "exploit" would be a better fit, but it can have a negative connotation. A more suitable word might be "adjust" or "alter," but those are not listed.
In general, a more neutral synonym like "alter" would be preferable, so if you're choosing only from the options provided, "exploit" is likely the closest, though it may not capture the intended tone perfectly.
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