Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy, which is the energy required to start a reaction, thereby increasing the reaction rate. Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower energy barriers, allowing more reactant molecules to overcome the activation energy and form product molecules.
Catalysts can be categorized into two types: homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, while heterogeneous catalysts are in a different phase. Common examples of catalysts include enzymes in biological systems, transition metal complexes in industrial processes, and metal oxides in catalytic converters for cars.
Catalysts are important in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and industry. They play a crucial role in many industrial processes, such as petroleum refining, synthesis of chemicals, and production of polymers. Additionally, catalysts are used in environmental applications to convert harmful pollutants into less toxic forms.
Overall, catalysts are essential substances that facilitate chemical reactions and have a significant impact on various aspects of our daily lives.
catalysts
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