Carbohydrates: __________________________________________________

Question

• The _______________________________________ of carbohydrate
• Examples of monosaccharide
o ________________________________
o Galactose
o Fructose
o All of these are __________________________
Carbohydrates: Disaccharides
• Two __________________________ bonded together
• Example of a disaccharide
o ________________________________: glucose + fructose
o Sucrose is commonly known as ______________________________
Carbohydrates: ______________________________________
• Chains of _____________________________ covalently
bonded.
• Examples
o Starch
o ______________________
o ______________________
Lipids
• Examples: ________________ and ______________
• Organic molecules that do not __________ or break apart in water
• Found as fats in ____________ and oil in _____________
• Store energy from excess food and ________________________________ and waterproofs organisms
• Many lipids are formed from a combination of one glycerol molecule and three __________________
molecules
• Consist of C, H, and O
• Saturated-if each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon by a
_______________________________________
• Unsaturated-if there is at least one ____________________ between carbon atoms
Lipids: Phospholipid Bilayer
• ____________________________ are a key part of plasma membranes, making them
___________________________________.
o Sketch a phospholipid:
o _______________________________ can pass directly through the lipid bilayer.
▪ Hydrophobic means “water fearing”
o ______________________________ must pass by other means.
▪ Hydrophilic means “water loving”
Proteins
• Organic molecules composed of many atoms of _____, _____, _____, and _____
• Made of building blocks called ________________________________________
o Amino acid-________________________ whose molecule contains at least one amino group
(________) and one carboxyl group (-COOH)

Answer 1

Carbohydrates:

• The main source of energy of carbohydrate.
• Examples of monosaccharides:
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • All of these are simple sugars.

Carbohydrates: Disaccharides

• Two monosaccharides bonded together.
• Example of a disaccharide:
  • Sucrose: glucose + fructose
  • Sucrose is commonly known as table sugar.

Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides

• Chains of monosaccharides covalently bonded.
• Examples:
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose

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Lipids

• Examples: Fats and oils.
• Organic molecules that do not dissolve or break apart in water.
• Found as fats in animals and oil in plants.
• Store energy from excess food and provide insulation and waterproof organisms.
• Many lipids are formed from a combination of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules.
• Consist of C, H, and O.
• Saturated - if each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon by a single bond.
• Unsaturated - if there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

Lipids: Phospholipid Bilayer

• Phospholipids are a key part of plasma membranes, making them selectively permeable.
  • Sketch a phospholipid:
    • (Sketch should depict a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group)
  • Hydrophobic molecules can pass directly through the lipid bilayer.
    • Hydrophobic means “water fearing.”
  • Hydrophilic molecules must pass by other means.
    • Hydrophilic means “water loving.”

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Proteins

• Organic molecules composed of many atoms of C, H, O, and N.
• Made of building blocks called amino acids.
  • Amino acid - a molecule whose structure contains at least one amino group (–NH2) and one carboxyl group (-COOH).