Question

Carbohydrates: __________________________________________________
• The _______________________________________ of carbohydrate
• Examples of monosaccharide
o ________________________________
o Galactose
o Fructose
o All of these are __________________________
Carbohydrates: Disaccharides
• Two __________________________ bonded together
• Example of a disaccharide
o ________________________________: glucose + fructose
o Sucrose is commonly known as ______________________________
Carbohydrates: ______________________________________
• Chains of _____________________________ covalently
bonded.
• Examples
o Starch
o ______________________
o ______________________
Lipids
• Examples: ________________ and ______________
• Organic molecules that do not __________ or break apart in water
• Found as fats in ____________ and oil in _____________
• Store energy from excess food and ________________________________ and waterproofs organisms
• Many lipids are formed from a combination of one glycerol molecule and three __________________
molecules
• Consist of C, H, and O
• Saturated-if each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon by a
_______________________________________
• Unsaturated-if there is at least one ____________________ between carbon atoms
Lipids: Phospholipid Bilayer
• ____________________________ are a key part of plasma membranes, making them
___________________________________.
o Sketch a phospholipid:
o _______________________________ can pass directly through the lipid bilayer.
▪ Hydrophobic means “water fearing”
o ______________________________ must pass by other means.
▪ Hydrophilic means “water loving”
Proteins
• Organic molecules composed of many atoms of _____, _____, _____, and _____
• Made of building blocks called ________________________________________
o Amino acid-________________________ whose molecule contains at least one amino group
(________) and one carboxyl group (-COOH)

Answer 1

**Carbohydrates:**
- The **main source of energy** of carbohydrate.
- Examples of monosaccharides:
- **Glucose**
- Galactose
- Fructose
- All of these are **simple sugars**.

**Carbohydrates: Disaccharides**
- Two **monosaccharides** bonded together.
- Example of a disaccharide:
- **Sucrose**: glucose + fructose
- Sucrose is commonly known as **table sugar**.

**Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides**
- Chains of **monosaccharides** covalently bonded.
- Examples:
- Starch
- **Glycogen**
- **Cellulose**

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**Lipids**
- Examples: **Fats** and **oils**.
- Organic molecules that do not **dissolve** or break apart in water.
- Found as fats in **animals** and oil in **plants**.
- Store energy from excess food and **provide insulation** and waterproof organisms.
- Many lipids are formed from a combination of one glycerol molecule and three **fatty acid** molecules.
- Consist of C, H, and O.
- Saturated - if each carbon atom in the fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon by a **single bond**.
- Unsaturated - if there is at least one **double bond** between carbon atoms.

**Lipids: Phospholipid Bilayer**
- **Phospholipids** are a key part of plasma membranes, making them **selectively permeable**.
- Sketch a phospholipid:
- (Sketch should depict a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group)
- **Hydrophobic molecules** can pass directly through the lipid bilayer.
- Hydrophobic means “water fearing.”
- **Hydrophilic molecules** must pass by other means.
- Hydrophilic means “water loving.”

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**Proteins**
- Organic molecules composed of many atoms of **C**, **H**, **O**, and **N**.
- Made of building blocks called **amino acids**.
- Amino acid - **a molecule whose structure contains at least one amino group (–NH2) and one carboxyl group (-COOH)**.