The majority of volcanoes form near plate boundaries. A good example is the so-called "ring of fire" encircling most of the Pacific Ocean.
However, the chain of islands of Hawaii are volcanic but are nowhere near a plate boundary. They arose from a mantle plume - a fixed "hot spot" - instead. The tectonic plate travels but the hot spot remains fixed. A volcanoe forms atop the fixed hot spot, but then is "dragged off", and the fixed hot spot begins to form another volcanic island.
So as far as I know, the only places where a volcanoe can form are near plate boundaries and over hot spots.
Where exactly hot spots can form, I cannot tell you (telling where some are does not mean that they could not form somewhere else).
can volcanoes form anywhere on earth why or why not
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what is thermocline
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