Calculate the total water volume of entire hydrological cycle.

Question

1. Ocean:
- Ocean precipitation: 373 km³
- Ocean evaporation: 413 km³
- Total volume of water in the ocean: 1,336,040 km³

2. Ice:
- Ice volume: 26,350 km³

3. Atmosphere:
- Total volume of water in the atmosphere: 12.7 km³

4. Land:
- Ocean to land water vapor transport: 40 km³
- Surface flow: 40 km³
- Groundwater: 15,300 km³
- River and lakes: 178 km³
- Evaporation + transpiration: 73 km³
- Land precipitation: 113 km³
- Permafrost: 22 km³

Answer 1

To calculate the total water volume of the entire hydrological cycle, we need to sum up the volumes from each component:

1. Ocean:
Ocean precipitation: 373 km³
Ocean evaporation: 413 km³
Total volume of water in the ocean: 1,336,040 km³

2. Ice:
Ice volume: 26,350 km³

3. Atmosphere:
Total volume of water in the atmosphere: 12.7 km³

4. Land:
Ocean to land water vapor transport: 40 km³
Surface flow: 40 km³
Groundwater: 15,300 km³
River and lakes: 178 km³
Evaporation + transpiration: 73 km³
Land precipitation: 113 km³
Permafrost: 22 km³

Now let's add up all the volumes:

Total water volume = (Ocean precipitation + Ocean evaporation + Total volume of water in the ocean) + Ice volume + Total volume of water in the atmosphere + (Ocean to land water vapor transport + Surface flow + Groundwater + River and lakes + Evaporation + transpiration + Land precipitation + Permafrost)

= (373 km³ + 413 km³ + 1,336,040 km³) + 26,350 km³ + 12.7 km³ + (40 km³ + 40 km³ + 15,300 km³ + 178 km³ + 73 km³ + 113 km³ + 22 km³)

= 1,337,826.7 km³ + 26,350 km³ + 12.7 km³ + 15,766 km³

= 1,379,955.4 km³

Therefore, the total water volume of the entire hydrological cycle is approximately 1,379,955.4 km³.