c. What are the traits found in each fungus phylum?

Question

d. What traits do the fungi phyla share?

e. What are the traits found in each animal phylum?

Answer 1

c. The traits found in each fungus phylum are as follows:

1. Ascomycota: Members of this phylum typically reproduce sexually through the formation of ascospores within a sac-like structure called an ascus. They also produce asexual spores called conidia. Ascomycota fungi include both unicellular yeasts and multicellular molds and mildews.

2. Basidiomycota: Members of this phylum reproduce sexually by producing basidiospores on specialized structures called basidia. They also produce asexual spores known as conidia. Basidiomycota fungi include mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi.

3. Zygomycota: Members of this phylum reproduce sexually by forming zygospores through the fusion of specialized hyphae. They also produce asexual spores called sporangiospores. Zygomycota fungi include bread molds and other fast-growing molds.

4. Chytridiomycota: Members of this phylum are unique among fungi in that they produce motile spores with flagella, a trait that is reminiscent of ancestral fungi. Chytridiomycota fungi are most commonly found in aquatic environments, where they can be parasitic or saprobic.

5. Glomeromycota: Members of this phylum are important symbionts with plant roots, forming arbuscular mycorrhizae that help plants to absorb nutrients from the soil. Glomeromycota fungi are obligate symbionts and cannot survive without their plant hosts.

d. The traits that fungi phyla share include being eukaryotic organisms with cell walls made of chitin, and they obtain nutrients through absorption rather than ingestion. Fungi also typically reproduce both sexually and asexually, and their life cycle often includes a multicellular filamentous body called a mycelium.

e. The traits found in each animal phylum vary depending on the specific group, but some general characteristics include:

1. Porifera (sponges): Aquatic organisms with simple body structures lacking true tissues or organs. They are filter feeders that draw in water through pores to extract food particles.

2. Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, anemones): Radially symmetrical organisms with tentacles bearing stinging cells called cnidocytes. They have a central gut cavity with a single opening serving as both mouth and anus.

3. Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crustaceans): Invertebrates with jointed appendages, a segmented body, and an exoskeleton made of chitin. They exhibit a wide range of adaptations for various lifestyles.

4. Chordata (vertebrates and some invertebrates): Organisms with a notochord or spinal cord at some stage of their development. This group includes animals with backbones (vertebrates) as well as some invertebrate relatives such as tunicates and lancelets.

5. Mollusca (snails, clams, octopuses): Soft-bodied invertebrates with a muscular foot, visceral mass containing organs, and a mantle that may secrete a protective shell. Mollusks exhibit a diverse range of body shapes and lifestyles.