C o p y r ig h t©M c G r a w -H illE d u c a t io n . P e r m is s io n is g r a n t e dt or e p r o d u c ef o r c la s s r o o mu s e . NAME DATE CLASS Guided Reading Cont. Kingdoms in Western Europe 3. Listing As you read the lesson, write important facts about each of the leaders in the chart. 4. Explaining Who were the Vikings, and why were they important in the development of Europe in the Middle Ages? 5. Describing How was the Holy Roman Empire formed? Who was Otto?Medieval Europe King ClovisCharles MartelCharlemagne

Answer 1

Certainly! Here’s a simplified version of your guided reading response based on the topics you've mentioned.

3. Listing

King Clovis

• United the Frankish tribes and founded the Merovingian dynasty.
• Converted to Christianity, which helped to spread Christianity in Gaul (modern-day France).
• Known for his military conquests and expansion of Frankish territory.

Charles Martel

• Served as the Mayor of the Palace for the Frankish Kingdom.
• Famous for his victory at the Battle of Tours in 732, which halted the Muslim expansion into Western Europe.
• His leadership solidified his family's power, leading to the Carolingian Dynasty.

Charlemagne

• Crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 by Pope Leo III, he expanded the Frankish empire to include much of Western and Central Europe.
• Promoted the Carolingian Renaissance, revitalizing education, culture, and Christianity.
• Established a centralized administration and system of local governance.

4. Explaining

The Vikings were seafaring Norse peoples from Scandinavia (modern-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark) who raided, traded, and settled across Europe from the late 8th to 11th centuries. They were important in the development of Medieval Europe because their raids led to significant changes in European societies, promoting the establishment of new kingdoms and trade routes. Their exploration expanded geographical knowledge and facilitated cultural exchanges with various regions, influencing trade, art, and even governance structures.

5. Describing

The Holy Roman Empire was formed in 800 when Charlemagne was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III, symbolizing the fusion of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements. This marked the revival of the idea of a Western Roman Empire and established a political and spiritual authority that shaped European politics for centuries.

Otto, often referred to as Otto I or Otto the Great, was a significant ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in the 10th century. He consolidated power in Germany, fought against external invasions, and successfully expanded his influence, effectively re-establishing the Holy Roman Empire under his rule in the mid-900s.

Feel free to adjust or elaborate on any of the points to meet your specific needs!