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Modernization is defined as the shift of a society from a mainly traditional, rural, cultural mode to one that is predominantly urban and industrial. As with any ach fundamental change, the move toward modernization can bring serious pheaval that has both positive and negative elements. Effects of Modernization
Few areas of the world have escaped the effects of modernization since 1960. Rapid and large-scale advancements in transportation, communication, and manufacturing, in addition to the overall digital revolution, accelerated the existing trend toward urbanization and industrialization throughout the world. impacts did moving to a city and working in an industrial setting have on But how did urbanization and industrialization affect people's lives? What people's families, religious observances, and education? The modernization of the developing world lagged somewhat behind that of Europe and North America. Therefore, recent examples from Africa, South America, and Asia provided insights into these questions. Modernization in Nigeria Urbanization became a growing reality in Nigeria in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. In 2017, about 50 percent of Nigeria's 191 million people lived in cities. By 2050, about 71 percent of nearly 280 million peple will. The population of Lagos, Nigeria's largest city, numbered about one quarter of a million in the 1860s when Nigeria became an official British colony. By 2015, the population of Lagos proper had topped 9 million, reaching over 13 million with surrounding
areas included.
Oil Drove Urbanization in Nigeria Nigeria's urban growth was different from many other countries. Because Nigeria's economy relied for so long on oil income, the country's urbanization was a product of its wealth, rather than the principal driver of it. In other words, people did not necessarily go to cities to participate in industrial work, which then drove the production of the country's wealth. Rather, the oil industry produced the country's wealth and urbanization followed as people moved to cities to try to earn a share of the wealth.
However, in the beginning of the 21st century, Nigerians attempted to diversify their economy. In part this was a response to periodic decreases in oil prices. Efforts to promote manufacturing were hindered by a poor business environment. In the World Bank's 2014 "Doing Business" rankings, Nigeria ranked 175th out of 189 countries. Many problems faced people in urban areas running businesses:
The electrical supply was not dependable. Urban firms averaged 8 hours of power outage per day.
•Traffic was very congested. This made receiving and shipping products
difficult.
Purchasing land was complicated. The process was expensive and time-
consuming.
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Read Closely: Changes Many historical terms, such as industrialization, democracy, and totalitarianism, describe general concepts. To understand them, focus on the specific elements that are part of them. What elements of modernization are noted in this paragraph?
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