By the time the first ship sailed through the Panama Canal, the world's attention was no longer on Panama, but on far-off Europe. In August 1914, German troops poured across Belgium, on their way to attempt to conquer France. Europe was at war.

Question

Tensions in Europe European countries had long competed with each other for colonies, trade, and territory, but by the early 1900s, nationalism was complicating these rivalries. Austria-Hungary had built an empire by taking over smaller countries in the part of eastern Europe known as the Balkans. Nationalism inspired in the Balkan people a burning desire to be independent of Austrian rule.

As tensions grew, European leaders looked for safety in militarism, a policy of glorifying military power and military ideas and values. When Germany built up its navy to challenge the United Kingdom's fleet, the United Kingdom constructed more battleships. As Germany's army grew, France built up its own army.

European countries also looked for safety in alliances. In secret treaties, Germany and Austria-Hungary agreed to help each other in case of attack. The United Kingdom, Russia, and France made similar agreements. Europe was dividing into what amounted to armed camps.

Assassination Leads to War An outburst of nationalism lit the fuse of war. On June 28, 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was visiting the city of Sarajevo in the province of Bosnia. Many Bosnians were Serbs who wanted to be part of nearby Serbia instead of Austria-Hungary. A Serbian nationalist jumped out of a crowd and fatally shot the archduke and his wife.

Outraged, Austria-Hungary accused Serbia of having a hand in the assassinations and pressured Serbia to give up most of its independence. When the Serbs refused, Austria-Hungary declared war. The Russians stepped in to defend the Serbs, and the Germans then came to the aid of Austria-Hungary by declaring war on Russia. Russia's ally, France, began to prepare for war.

Eventually, more than a dozen countries took sides in the “Great War.” Decades later, people called the conflict World War I. Austria-Hungary and Germany headed the Central Powers. France, Russia, and the United Kingdom led the Allied Powers.

Like most Americans, President Woodrow Wilson wanted to stay out of the war. Declaring that the United States would remain neutral, Wilson begged citizens to be “impartial in thought as well as deed.”
How did other countries become involved in the conflict after
Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia?
a) Russia Role:_________
b) Germany's Role:_________
c) France Role:________

Answer 1

After Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, the conflict escalated as various countries honored their alliances and obligations. Here’s how other countries became involved:

a) Russia's Role: Russia, as an ally of Serbia, stepped in to defend the Serbs against Austria-Hungary's aggression. When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia mobilized its army in support of Serbia, viewing the conflict as a matter of Slavic solidarity and national interest.

b) Germany's Role: Germany, allied with Austria-Hungary, declared war on Russia in response to Russia's mobilization. Germany viewed Russia's actions as a threat to its interests and felt obligated to support its ally, Austria-Hungary, leading to an escalation of the conflict into a broader war.

c) France's Role: France, as an ally of Russia, began to prepare for war in anticipation of the conflict. When Germany declared war on Russia, France found itself drawn into the war due to its alliance commitments, ultimately declaring war on Germany shortly after the conflict began.

This chain reaction of alliances and military mobilizations among the nations turned a regional conflict into a global war, involving multiple countries across Europe.