By the early twenty-first century, the majority of national borders in Africa were determined by

Question

A.
traditional precolonial national borders.

B.
historic property rights of African tribes.

C.
natural features such as rivers and deserts.

D.
former colonial claims of European countries.

Answer 1

D. former colonial claims of European countries.

By the early twenty-first century, the majority of national borders in Africa were largely established during the colonial period by European powers, which often disregarded existing ethnic and cultural divisions.