Biochemical Compounds

Question

• Living things depend on biochemical processes that involve ______________________________
___________________ among biochemical compounds.
• There are ______ main classes of biochemical compounds
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________
o _______________________________________
• Study of chemical composition and reactions occurring in ____________________________ matter
• ________________________________Compounds
o Do not contain carbon
o Exceptions - CO2, CO, bicarbonates
o Water is the most abundant and important inorganic material, making up 60% - 80% of all cells
and 2/3 of body weight
• Although cells are 70-95% water, the rest consists mostly of carbon-based compounds, or
_________________________ compounds.
• Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are all composed of __________________atoms
bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements.
o These other elements commonly include ___________________, _____________________,
______________________, _____________________and __________________________.
• Carbon atoms are the most versatile __________________ ______________of molecules
• With a total of ______ electrons, a carbon atom has 2 in the first shell and 4 ______________________
_______________________ in the second shell.
• Carbon usually completes its valence shell (sharing a total of 8 elections) by sharing electrons with
_______________________________________________ in
_________________________________________________.
• ____________________________macromolecules contain the elements ________________,
________________________, and __________________.
• Carbon is found in things that are or once were living.
• Carbon atoms _________ electrons to form ______________________________.
• As carbon-carbon bonds are _______________________, quick energy is released for use by the
organism
• Organic compounds are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual molecules.
• The single molecules in a polymer are called _____________________________.
• The long molecules formed by repeating patterns of monomers are called
_____________________________.
Carbohydrates
• Found in breads, pastas, and ___________
• Contain C, O, and H
• Examples: Sugars, Starches, and ________________
• Used as ________________________________________________
• Some carbs give ___________________ to living cells
• In plants, cellulose is a rigid material that gives ________________ to plant cells

Answer 1

Biochemical Compounds
• Living things depend on biochemical processes that involve interactions and reactions among biochemical compounds.
• There are four main classes of biochemical compounds
o Proteins
o Nucleic Acids
o Carbohydrates
o Lipids
• Study of chemical composition and reactions occurring in living matter
• Inorganic Compounds
o Do not contain carbon
o Exceptions - CO2, CO, bicarbonates
o Water is the most abundant and important inorganic material, making up 60% - 80% of all cells and 2/3 of body weight
• Although cells are 70-95% water, the rest consists mostly of carbon-based compounds, or organic compounds.
• Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids are all composed of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to atoms of other elements.
o These other elements commonly include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
• Carbon atoms are the most versatile backbone of molecules
• With a total of 6 electrons, a carbon atom has 2 in the first shell and 4 valence electrons in the second shell.
• Carbon usually completes its valence shell (sharing a total of 8 electrons) by sharing electrons with other carbon atoms in covalent bonds.
• Organic macromolecules contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Carbon is found in things that are or once were living.
• Carbon atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds.
• As carbon-carbon bonds are broken, quick energy is released for use by the organism
• Organic compounds are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual molecules.
• The single molecules in a polymer are called monomers.
• The long molecules formed by repeating patterns of monomers are called polymers.

Carbohydrates
• Found in breads, pastas, and fruits
• Contain C, O, and H
• Examples: Sugars, Starches, and Fibers
• Used as energy sources and structural components
• Some carbs give energy to living cells
• In plants, cellulose is a rigid material that gives structure to plant cells