Between 1899 and 1905 Orville and Wilbur wright carried out aeronautical research that finally culminated in a flight worthy design since then all airplanes have included aspects of that design

Answer 1

Orville and Wilbur Wright's aeronautical research between 1899 and 1905 led to the development of a flight-worthy design for an airplane. Their experiments and innovations, including the invention of three-axis control, resulted in the first successful powered flight by Orville Wright on December 17, 1903. This historic flight lasted only 12 seconds, but it marked a breakthrough in aviation history.

Their subsequent work and improvements on their design allowed them to achieve longer and more controlled flights. In 1905, they built a new aircraft called the Flyer III, which had improved stability and control features. With this aircraft, they were able to make sustained flights of up to 38 minutes in duration.

The Wright brothers' design and principles became the foundation for subsequent aircraft designs. The key aspects of their design that have been incorporated into all airplanes since then include:

1. Three-axis control: This is the method of control by which an aircraft can be controlled around its three primary axes - roll, pitch, and yaw. The Wright brothers implemented this system using a combination of wing-warping and a movable rudder, allowing them to maintain balance and stability during flight. Today, this system is fundamental to aircraft control.

2. Wing design: The Wright brothers' use of a curved, cambered airfoil shape in their wings significantly increased lift and efficiency compared to the flat wings used by their predecessors. This demonstrated the importance of wing design in achieving flight.

3. Propeller design: The Wright brothers' understanding of the importance of propeller design in generating thrust led to their development of efficient propellers. They recognized the need for a precise pitch distribution along the blades to maximize thrust and minimize drag, which is still fundamental in propeller design today.

4. Aircraft structure: The Wright brothers' design incorporated a lightweight yet sturdy structure using wood and fabric for the wings and body of the aircraft. This combination of strength and lightness is still a crucial aspect of aircraft construction.

Based on these fundamental principles and innovations by the Wright brothers, subsequent aircraft designers and engineers have built upon their work and made further advancements in aeronautics. The Wright brothers' design paved the way for the development of modern airplanes, which continue to incorporate and refine these fundamental aspects of their design.