Below are four sentences from various student assignments. Select all the sentences that need in-text references.

Question

It is clear, therefore, that vocabulary development is an essential component for developing fluency in academic language. 


In order to know how to structure sentences in English, you require a basic knowledge of grammar. 


Hyland points out that texts that share the same purpose often share the same structure.   


A new international study shows almost 80% of South African pupils do not develop basic reading skills by the time they reach Grade 5.   

Answer 1

The sentences that need in-text references are:

1. It is clear, therefore, that vocabulary development is an essential component for developing fluency in academic language.

   • This statement presents a claim that is likely based on research or existing literature and should be supported by a source.

2. In order to know how to structure sentences in English, you require a basic knowledge of grammar.

   • This sentence makes a general statement about language learning principles that could be supported by educational research or grammar resources.

3. A new international study shows almost 80% of South African pupils do not develop basic reading skills by the time they reach Grade 5.

   • This statement references data from a specific study, which needs to be cited to provide a source for the information presented.

The sentence that does not need an in-text reference is:

• Hyland points out that texts that share the same purpose often share the same structure.
  • This sentence appears to already attribute the idea to Hyland, which indicates that it would be cited as per proper academic practice.

So, the sentences that need in-text references are the first, second, and fourth ones.