To determine which of the provided molecular formulas are not carbohydrates, we first need to understand the general molecular formula for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are typically classified based on the general formula of \(C_n(H_2O)_n\), where \(n\) is a positive integer. This gives a typical ratio of carbon to oxygen and hydrogen that is consistent with carbohydrates.
Now let's analyze the given molecular formulas:
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C₃H₈O₃: This has a molecular formula that can correspond to a carbohydrate (glycerol).
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C₄H₈O₂: The molecular formula can also correspond to a carbohydrate (it could represent a simple sugar).
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C₉H₁₈O₉: This formula suggests a complex molecule, potentially a sugar alcohol but does not conform to the typical \(C_n(H_2O)_n\) structure.
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C₁₆H₃₂O₂: This does not conform to the carbohydrate structure, more closely resembling a fatty acid.
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C₁₆H₃₂O₁₆: This shows a very different ratio of hydrogen and oxygen relative to carbon and does not conform to carbohydrate structures.
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C₆H₁₂O₆: This is a classic formula for glucose, a well-known carbohydrate.
Based on this analysis, the molecular formulas that are not carbohydrates are:
- C₉H₁₈O₉
- C₁₆H₃₂O₂
- C₁₆H₃₂O₁₆
Thus, the first, second, and last formulas are indeed carbohydrates.