Based on the models, what reasoning best explains the student's claim that there is less energy available in ecosystems without top-level predators? A. Lack of mountain lions reduces predation. B. Lack of mountain lions reduces photosynthesis. C. Lack of mountain lions reduces the number of trophic levels. D. Lack of mountain lions reduces the heat released between trophic levels.

Answer 1

The best reasoning that explains the student's claim that there is less energy available in ecosystems without top-level predators is:

C. Lack of mountain lions reduces the number of trophic levels.

The presence of top-level predators like mountain lions is crucial in maintaining the balance of ecosystems, influencing the number of trophic levels. Without these predators, there may be an increase in herbivores which can overconsume producers (plants), leading to a decline in plant biomass and, consequently, the energy available in the ecosystem. This implies that top-level predators help regulate herbivore populations and promote greater biodiversity and energy flow through the food web.