The quotation that most effectively illustrates the claim regarding Dr. Proudie's exaggerated sense of his own abilities is:
(Choice D) “[Dr. Proudie] was comparatively young, and had, as he fondly flattered himself, been selected as possessing such gifts, natural and acquired, as must be sure to recommend him to a yet higher notice.”
This quote underscores Dr. Proudie's self-perception and his belief in his own talents, highlighting his arrogance and inflated sense of his capabilities.