In the context of the provided equation \( a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1} \), we can identify the components as follows:
- \( a_n \) is the population of bacteria at day \( n \).
- \( a_1 \) is the initial population of bacteria.
- \( r \) is the growth factor.
- \( n \) is the number of days.
Given that the bacteria quadruples daily, the growth factor \( r \) is 4.
Since the initial population starts with 59 bacteria, we have:
- \( a_1 = 59 \)
Thus, the value of \( a_1 \) is 59.