The Spanish missions had a multifaceted impact on both the First Texans and Spanish settlers. On the positive side, missions provided Native Texans with access to European goods and livestock, while Spanish settlers benefited from increased agricultural production and a strengthened foothold in the New World. However, a negative consequence for the Indigenous people was the loss of land and cultural identity due to forced conversion and assimilation, whereas Spanish settlers faced challenges such as conflicts with Native tribes and the difficulties of frontier life.
In my opinion, the Indigenous people were most affected by the missions. The imposition of mission life often stripped them of their traditions and autonomy, leading to a profound and lasting transformation of their societies, which arguably had a more severe long-term effect compared to the challenges encountered by Spanish settlers.