At an annual interest rate of 2.5%, an original principal can accrue an interest of K350.25 over an 18 month's period. Calculate the principal if interest is to be compounded every three months.

1 answer

To find the principal when interest is compounded quarterly, we can use the formula for compound interest:

\[ A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt} \]

where:

  • \( A \) is the total amount after time \( t \).
  • \( P \) is the principal amount (the initial amount of money).
  • \( r \) is the annual nominal interest rate (as a decimal).
  • \( n \) is the number of times that interest is compounded per unit \( t \).
  • \( t \) is the time the money is invested or borrowed for, in years.

Given:

  • The annual interest rate \( r = 2.5% = 0.025 \)
  • The time period \( t = 18 \text{ months} = 1.5 \text{ years} \)
  • Interest accrued \( A - P = K350.25 \)

Since we know the interest is compounded quarterly, we have:

  • \( n = 4 \) (because interest is compounded quarterly)

From the information given, we can write:

\[ A = P + 350.25 \]

Replacing \( A \) in the compound interest formula:

\[ P + 350.25 = P \left(1 + \frac{0.025}{4}\right)^{4 \times 1.5} \]

First, let’s calculate the interest rate per quarter:

\[ \frac{0.025}{4} = 0.00625 \]

Now, we can calculate \( n \cdot t \):

\[ n \cdot t = 4 \times 1.5 = 6 \]

Now substitute these values into the equation:

\[ P + 350.25 = P \left(1 + 0.00625\right)^{6} \]

Calculating the expression inside the parentheses:

\[ 1 + 0.00625 = 1.00625 \]

Now, calculate \( (1.00625)^{6} \):

\[ (1.00625)^{6} \approx 1.0381 \quad \text{(using a calculator)} \]

Now substitute this back into the equation:

\[ P + 350.25 = P \times 1.0381 \]

Rearranging gives:

\[ P \times 1.0381 - P = 350.25 \]

Factoring out \( P \):

\[ P(1.0381 - 1) = 350.25 \]

This simplifies to:

\[ P(0.0381) = 350.25 \]

Now, solve for \( P \):

\[ P = \frac{350.25}{0.0381} \approx 9,189.23 \]

Thus, the principal \( P \) is approximately:

\[ \boxed{9189.23} \]