Let's analyze each scenario you've presented:
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Ash is present after a bonfire: This is a chemical change. The wood burns, and its composition changes to form ash, gases, and other products.
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There is a sour-smelling liquid present and a cup of milk that was left on the counter for three days: This is also a chemical change. The milk has undergone fermentation and spoilage, resulting in a change in taste and smell due to bacterial activity.
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A balloon is much smaller after letting the air out: This is a physical change. The size of the balloon changes, but no new substances are formed; the air is simply being let out.
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There is a loud sound after a firework explodes in the air: This is a chemical change. The explosion involves rapid chemical reactions that produce gases and other products, leading to the loud sound.
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There is a liquid substance in a pot after putting in a chunk of butter: This is typically a physical change. The butter melts into a liquid, but the chemical composition remains the same; it's still butter, just in a different state.
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There is a brown banana on the counter that was yellow: This is a chemical change. The banana undergoes ripening and oxidation processes, which change its color and taste.
In summary:
- Ash (chemical change)
- Sour liquid and spoiled milk (chemical change)
- Balloon shrinking (physical change)
- Firework explosion (chemical change)
- Melted butter (physical change)
- Brown banana (chemical change)