The best fit with Abraham Lincoln's position on slavery during the debates of 1858 would be the Wilmot Proviso.
The Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful proposal to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War. It reflected the growing tensions around the issue of slavery and aligned with Lincoln's views against the expansion of slavery into new territories.
While the Dred Scott decision and the Kansas-Nebraska Act both played significant roles in the slavery debate, Lincoln was particularly focused on preventing the expansion of slavery into new territories, which the Wilmot Proviso sought to address directly.