The correct sequence of organs that a substance passes through in the human digestive system is:
C. mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → anus
This sequence correctly reflects the pathway that food follows as it is digested and excreted. The pancreas and liver are important organs in the digestive process, but substances do not pass through them in the same direct pathway. The pancreas secretes enzymes into the small intestine, and the liver produces bile that is also released into the small intestine, but they are not part of the direct passage of food.