To arrange the listed Muslim dynasties and rulers in chronological order:
- Death of Muhammad and start of his first caliphs (632 CE)
- Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE)
- Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 CE)
So the correct order is:
- Death of Muhammad and start of his first caliphs
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Abbasid Caliphate