Are these questions correct:

German grammar is simple: in that language, there are no exceptions to the rules.

Her daughter went on a diet that consisted of all fast food: hamburgers, hot dogs, and french fries.

The gardner-took the and the shovel-and began to plant the flowers.

You will need to write both-short and long-term goals.

The president-elect of the Rotary club had the winning lottery ticket.

One half of the student body attended the football game.

The ill defined terms somehow were not clear to her.

You really need to review the rules for colon and dash usage.

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/g_overvw.html

http://www.myenglishteacher.net/dashes.html

Use the links GuruBlue gave you above to help figure out the problems indicated below:

German grammar is simple: in that language, there are no exceptions to the rules. colon use is OK, but there's another error in here

Her daughter went on a diet that consisted of all fast food: hamburgers, hot dogs, and french fries. OK

The gardner-took the and the shovel-and began to plant the flowers.
not OK; read up on the difference between a dash and a hyphen and how to use each one

You will need to write both-short and long-term goals. not OK; read up on hyphen usage

The president-elect of the Rotary club had the winning lottery ticket. OK

One half of the student body attended the football game. not OK

The ill defined terms somehow were not clear to her. not OK

And here are another couple of links to help you with these punctuation marks:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/dash.htm
and
" target="_blank">http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/hyphen.htm