answer these questions from the notes from the last two days. Answer in complete sentences.

Question

Ottoman Empire
1. Who were the Turks initially working for, and how did it benefit them?
2. What was the significance of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071?
3. When and by whom was Constantinople conquered?
4. What administrative system did the Ottomans introduce, and how long did it last?
5. How did the Ottomans address religious conflicts within their empire?
6. What role did the Ottoman Empire play in overland trade routes?
7. How did the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 impact its religious identity?
8. What was the significance of Suleiman's expansion into Hungary and Austria?
9. How did the Ottoman Empire contribute to trade and travel safety?
10. How did Ottoman control of trade routes influence European exploration?
AZTEC, INCA, MAYA

Civilization Influence
Which civilization influenced the Maya?
What civilizations influenced the Aztec?
Which earlier civilizations influenced the Inca?
Geography and Timeline
Where was the Maya civilization located, and when did it thrive?
What was the primary location and time period of the Aztec civilization?
During which period did the Inca civilization reach its height, and where was it located?
Religion
What type of religion did all three civilizations practice?
How did the Maya view the role of the dead in religion?
What was unique about the Inca emperor's religious status?
Achievements and Architecture
What were two major achievements of the Maya in writing and timekeeping?
How did the Aztec adapt their city planning to their environment?
What was the Inca’s main method of record-keeping, and how did they improve trade?
*TEST QUESTION* Which ancient empire built wide roads paved with stone,built bridges to cross gorges,built buildings of stone cut perfectly together,made sloping land usable for farmers, and used irrigation to improve farming?



Political and Economic Systems
How was Maya political structure different from that of the Aztec and Inca?
What was the basis of the economies of all three civilizations?
How did the Inca manage their economy without currency?

make it easy and simple.

Answer 1

Ottoman Empire

1. The Turks initially worked for the Byzantine Empire. This arrangement benefitted them by allowing them to gain military experience and gradually expand their influence in the region.

2. The significance of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 was that it marked the beginning of Turkish dominance in Anatolia, leading to the eventual decline of the Byzantine Empire.

3. Constantinople was conquered in 1453 by the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II.

4. The Ottomans introduced the devshirme system as an administrative system, which lasted for several centuries.

5. To address religious conflicts within their empire, the Ottomans implemented a millet system, allowing various religious groups to govern themselves under their own laws.

6. The Ottoman Empire played a crucial role in overland trade routes, serving as a bridge between Europe and Asia and facilitating commerce across the region.

7. The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 transformed its religious identity by converting many of its churches into mosques, particularly the Hagia Sophia.

8. Suleiman's expansion into Hungary and Austria was significant because it solidified Ottoman power in Europe and marked a peak in territorial expansion during the empire's height.

9. The Ottoman Empire contributed to trade and travel safety by providing a secure environment for merchants and travelers, protecting trade routes from banditry and conflicts.

10. Ottoman control of trade routes influenced European exploration by prompting nations to seek new maritime paths to Asia, leading to the Age of Exploration.

Aztec, Inca, Maya

Civilization Influence

• The Maya were influenced by the Olmec civilization.
• The Aztec were influenced by the Toltec and other Mesoamerican cultures.
• The Inca were influenced by earlier Andean civilizations, particularly the Moche and Nazca.

Geography and Timeline

• The Maya civilization was located in present-day Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras, thriving from approximately 250 to 900 CE.
• The primary location of the Aztec civilization was in central Mexico, thriving from the 14th to the 16th centuries.
• The Inca civilization reached its height from the 15th to the 16th centuries, primarily located in the Andes region of South America.

Religion

• All three civilizations practiced polytheistic religions.
• The Maya viewed the dead as important, believing that the spirits of ancestors influenced the living and played a role in the afterlife.
• The Inca emperor was considered to be a divine figure, seen as the son of the sun god and holding religious authority.

Achievements and Architecture

• Two major achievements of the Maya included the development of a complex writing system and the creation of an advanced calendar for timekeeping.
• The Aztec adapted their city planning by building floating gardens (chinampas) and constructing their capital, Tenochtitlán, on an island in a lake.
• The Inca used quipu, a system of knotted strings, as their main method of record-keeping, which improved trade by allowing for more organized communication of goods and resources.

Test Question

• The ancient empire that built wide roads paved with stone, constructed bridges, created well-crafted stone buildings, made sloping land usable for farming, and used irrigation to improve farming is the Inca Empire.

Political and Economic Systems

• The political structure of the Maya was decentralized, with many city-states ruled by individual kings, while both the Aztec and Inca had centralized authorities.
• The economies of all three civilizations were based on agriculture, supplemented by trade and tribute.
• The Inca managed their economy without currency by using a system of labor and resources known as the mita system, where citizens contributed labor for state projects.