Here are the answers to your questions:
(a) For the grades A, B, C, D, or F, the measure that tells the grade given most often is:
- Mode. (The mode indicates the most frequently occurring value in a data set.)
(b) In Prof. Carter's class, with scores of 84, 125, 131, 133, 134, 136, 137, 140, 144, the measure that should be used to summarize the data is:
- Mean. (Since the scores do not have extreme outliers, the mean provides a good summary of the overall performance.)
(c) In the survey with ratings of 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 53, 54, 55, the measure that should be used to summarize the data is:
- Mean. (The ratings appear to be relatively evenly distributed without any extreme outliers, making the mean a suitable measure to summarize the data.)