Answer the following questions with an explanation and examples.

4.1 What is the Greenhouse effect?

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The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth, some of it is reflected back towards space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor trap some of this energy, preventing it from escaping back into space. This trapped energy increases the Earth's temperature, similar to how a greenhouse traps heat to keep plants warm.

One example of the greenhouse effect is the warming of the Earth's climate due to human activities releasing additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, such as burning fossil fuels for energy. This extra carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are intensifying the natural greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change.

Another example is the natural greenhouse effect that occurs on Venus. Venus has an extremely thick atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide, which traps heat so effectively that its surface temperature is around 900 degrees Fahrenheit (475 degrees Celsius), making it the hottest planet in our solar system.
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