Question

Answer each of the following items. In 2–3 sentences, analyze the reasons why specific population control policies have been successful or controversial in the context of a country’s economic structure, religious practices, culture, population density, or political structure. In 3–4 sentences, describe two countries’ programs with reference to specific examples of measures of success or issues of controversy. (4 points)

Answer 1

Population control policies can succeed or generate controversy based on a country's economic structure, cultural norms, religious beliefs, and political systems. For instance, in countries with strong economic incentives for smaller families, such as China’s one-child policy, the economic pressure can lead to compliance; however, this has created long-term demographic imbalances and societal backlash. In contrast, religious and cultural attitudes towards family and reproduction, like those seen in predominantly Catholic countries, can lead to resistance against population control measures, often viewing them as morally or ethically unacceptable.

For example, China's one-child policy, implemented in 1979, was aimed at curbing population growth to spur economic development, but it led to significant issues like gender imbalance and an aging population, raising serious ethical concerns. In India, the National Family Planning Program has employed various measures, including sterilization and contraceptive education, resulting in decreased birth rates; however, it has faced controversy due to accusations of coercive practices and a lack of access to reproductive health services for marginalized groups.