An animal cell is a type of eukaryotic cell that makes up the tissues and organs of animals. It is characterized by having a distinct nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a fluid-filled cytoplasm. Animal cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane composed of phospholipids and proteins, which acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain substances in and out of the cell.
The nucleus is the largest organelle in the animal cell and contains the genetic material in the form of DNA. It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which has pores that allow for the movement of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Within the nucleus, there is also a nucleolus, responsible for the production of ribosomes.
Other important organelles in animal cells include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. The ER plays a key role in the synthesis, folding, and transport of proteins, while the Golgi apparatus is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for transport within or outside the cell.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate energy through cellular respiration. They have their own DNA and are thought to have originated from symbiotic bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral cells.
Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes and are involved in the breakdown of waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.
Animal cells also have a network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton, which provides structural support, helps with cell movement, and facilitates intracellular transport.
In addition to these organelles, animal cells can also possess specialized structures based on their functions. For example, nerve cells have long extensions called axons and dendrites, while muscle cells have contractile fibers called myofibrils.
Overall, animal cells are responsible for various functions in the body, ranging from metabolism, reproduction, and growth to tissue repair and immune response.
Animal cell
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