Analyze which statement best captures how thawing permafrost changes Earth's physical geography

Question

Thawing permafrost leads to the creation of lakes and swamps where there were none.
Thawing permafrost leads to fewer beaver ponds.
Thawing permafrost leads to grasses and lichens pushing our shrub species.
Thawing permafrost is leading to an increase in mammal populations.

Answer 1

The statement "Thawing permafrost leads to the creation of lakes and swamps where there were none" best captures how thawing permafrost changes Earth's physical geography.