Among the options listed, New England and New Amsterdam were key locations in the fur trade during the colonial period in America.
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New England: The region had a thriving fur trade, particularly in the 17th century, as settlers traded with local Indigenous tribes for furs, which they then exported to Europe.
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New Amsterdam: This area, which later became New York City, was also significant in the fur trade, especially under Dutch control when it served as a major trading hub.
Santa Fe was primarily known for its trade in other goods and wasn't a major player in the fur trade specifically. Quebec, while significant in the broader context of the fur trade in North America, was a French settlement and not an American settlement in the context of the early United States.
Therefore, the primary American settlements that profited from exporting furs from your list would be New England and New Amsterdam.