17: South Asia faces several pressing environmental problems, including air and water pollution, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and climate change. These problems are exacerbated by rapid urbanization, population growth, industrialization, and inadequate waste management infrastructure. Furthermore, climate change leads to more severe weather events, such as floods and droughts, causing severe damage to agriculture and human settlements.
18: Obstacles to overcoming poverty in many South Asian nations include overpopulation, lack of access to quality education, unemployment, income inequality, inadequate infrastructure, and government corruption. To overcome poverty, countries must focus on improving access to education and healthcare, investing in infrastructure, promoting inclusive economic growth, addressing corruption, and developing social safety nets for vulnerable populations.
19: India was divided into two separate countries, India and Pakistan, when it gained independence from Britain in 1947 due to deep religious and cultural divisions between Hindus and Muslims. The British and Indian leaders agreed on the partition to minimize violence and establish separate nations based on religious majorities. However, the partition process itself led to widespread violence and the mass migration of millions of people across the newly-drawn borders.
20: Wahhabism is a strict and puritanical interpretation of Sunni Islam originating from the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in the 18th century. It emphasizes strict adherence to the Quran and a return to the practices of the early Islamic community. Wahhabism has the most influence in Saudi Arabia, where it forms the basis of the kingdom's state religion. Additionally, the Saudi government has promoted Wahhabism worldwide through the funding of mosques, Islamic institutions, and religious education programs, making the ideology influential in various parts of the Islamic world.
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17: Briefly summarize the environmental problems facing South Asia.
18: What are the obstacles to overcoming poverty in many South Asia nations? What must countries do to overcome poverty?
19: Why was India divided into two different countries when it won independence from Britain?
20: What is Wahhabism? Where does it have the most influence?
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