Carbohydrates serve as a major source of energy for living organisms. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and can be found in various forms such as sugars, starches, and fibers. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body's cells, particularly glucose, which fuels cellular respiration to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the energy currency of cells and is essential for carrying out biochemical reactions necessary for growth, repair, and reproduction. Additionally, carbohydrates play a structural role in organisms, as they form the primary component of cell walls and provide support and rigidity to plants.
Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids and have a wide range of functions crucial for supporting life. The primary function of proteins is to act as enzymes, which are catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by reducing the activation energy required for these reactions to occur. Proteins also serve structural roles, functioning as building blocks for tissues such as muscles, tendons, and skin. Moreover, proteins play a vital role in cell signaling and communication, as they can act as receptors or transport molecules, allowing cells to interact with their surroundings. Additionally, proteins are involved in the immune system, serving as antibodies to identify and neutralize foreign substances in the body.
All life forms on earth are composed of the same four macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each macromolecule serves one major purpose in helping to support life.
Select 2 macromolecules and describe the major function in terms of function to help support life.
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