It seems like you are describing different forms of government. Based on your description, it looks like you are specifically referring to "Oligarchy."
Here's a brief overview of the terms you've mentioned:
a. Agency - This generally refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own choices.
b. Oligarchy - A form of power structure where a small group of people holds most or all political power. This type of government can often lead to situations where citizens have limited or no rights.
c. Federal System - A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. Citizens generally have rights and representation in such systems.
If you are looking for definitions or comparisons of these terms—especially focusing on rights and power dynamics—please let me know!