Activity A: The effect of chargeGet the Gizmo ready: ∙ Turn on Show grid. Place object A on the x-axis at -5 and object B on the x-axis at +5. ∙ Check that Show force vector is turned on for each object.Question: How does charge affect the strength of the electrostatic force? Observe: You can change the charge of each object by entering the desired value in the qA and qB boxes. Observe the force vectors for each of the situations listed in the table below. Based on the force vectors, state whether the objects are repelled from one another, attracted to one another, or if there is no force at all. *4 pointsReplusion Attraction No forceqa 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb 0.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qa 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C qb 0.0 × 10⁻⁴ C Make a rule: Complete the following sentences with the words “attract,” “repel,” or “zero.”*3 pointsattract repel zeroWhen the charges are the same, the two objects ________ one another. When the charges are opposite, the two objects ________ one another. When one of the objects has no charge, the resulting force is ________. When the charges are the same, the two objects ________ one another. When the charges are opposite, the two objects ________ one another. When one of the objects has no charge, the resulting force is ________. Predict: How do you think the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two objects will change if the charge of each object was doubled?*2 pointsMeasure: Turn on Show vector notation for both objects. Set the charge of objects A and B to 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴C. The force on object A is now -0.90i + 0j N. That means that the force is-0.90 N in the x direction and 0 N in the y direction. What is the magnitude of the force on object A? |FA| =*1 point What is the magnitude of the force on object B? |FB| =*1 pointThe force on object A is negative. What does this indicate about the direction of the force?*1 pointThe negative value indicates the force on A points downThe negative value indicates the force on A points to the leftThe negative value indicates the force on A points to the rightThe negative value indicates the force on A points upDataWhat patterns do you notice in the data? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY*2 pointsWhen both charges are doubled, the force is divided by four.When one charge is doubled, the force doubles.When one charge is doubled, the force is cut in half.When both charges are doubled, the force is multiplied by four.Activity B: The effect of distanceGet the Gizmo ready: ∙ Turn on Show distance. ∙ Set qA to 10.0 × 10⁻⁴ C and qB to 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C.Question: How does distance affect the strength of the electrostatic force? Observe: Move object A back and forth. How does the distance between the objects affect the strength of the electrostatic force between them? *1 pointThe magnitude of the electrostatic force increases and the objects move apart.The magnitude of the electrostatic force decreases and the objects move apart.Predict: How do you think the electrostatic force between two objects would change if the distance between the two objects was doubled?*1 pointMeasure: Place object A on the x-axis at -2, and object B on the x-axis at +1. What is the magnitude of the force on object A? |FA| =*1 point What is the magnitude of the force on object B? |FB| =*1 pointDataUsing data above, how does the force change as the distance increases?*2 pointsThe force decreases as the distance increases.The force decreases does not change as the distance increases.The force increases as the distance increases.ConclusionData:IMPORTANT!!! Negative forces are attractive. Positive forces are repulsive. The sign (-/+) does not affect the magnitude. Claim State your conclusion about the relationship between distance and electrostatic force.*2 pointsForce and distance are not relatedThe force decreases as the distance decreasesThe force decreases as the distance increasesEvidence: Provide evidence from the data above.*3 pointsReasoning: Explain how your evidence supports your claim, referencing Coulomb's Law.*4 pointsClaim State your conclusion about the relationship between charge and electrostatic force.*2 pointsThe force increases as the magnitude of the charge decreasesThe force decreases as the magnitude of the charge decreasesForce and charge are NOT related.Evidence: Provide evidence from the data above.*3 points

Answer 1

Certainly! It looks like you are working on an electrostatics investigation involving two objects, A and B, and seeking to explore how charge and distance affect the electrostatic force between them. Let's break it down:

Activity A: The Effect of Charge

Observations of Forces:

You would be observing different scenarios as you manipulate the charges. Here’s the logic based on Coulomb’s Law:

1. Same Charges:
   • qa = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C, qb = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C: Repel
   • qa = -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C, qb = -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C: Repel
2. Opposite Charges:
   • qa = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C, qb = -1.0 × 10⁻⁴ C: Attract
3. One Object with Zero Charge:
   • Any case where one charge is 0.0 × 10⁻⁴ C: Zero Force

Completion of "Make a rule":

• When the charges are the same, the two objects repel one another.
• When the charges are opposite, the two objects attract one another.
• When one of the objects has no charge, the resulting force is zero.
• When the charges are the same, the two objects repel one another.
• When the charges are opposite, the two objects attract one another.
• When one of the objects has no charge, the resulting force is zero.

Prediction:

• If the charge of each object was doubled, the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two objects would become four times stronger. This relationship follows Coulomb's Law, which states that force increases with the product of the magnitudes of the charges.

Magnitude Calculation:

Given the force on object A is represented as \(-0.90i + 0j , \text{N}\):

• The magnitude of the force on object A: \[ |F_A| = \sqrt{(-0.90)^2 + (0)^2} = 0.90 , \text{N} \]
• And presuming the same force acts on object B (due to Newton's 3rd law), the magnitude for object B is also: \[ |F_B| = 0.90 , \text{N} \]

Direction of the Force:

• The negative value indicates the force on A points to the left.

Data Patterns:

• Correct Patterns:
  • When one charge is doubled, the force doubles.
  • When both charges are doubled, the force is multiplied by four.

Activity B: The Effect of Distance

Observation:

• Moving object A back and forth will show that:
  • The magnitude of the electrostatic force decreases as the distance increases.

Magnitude Calculation for Constraints Set:

• Based on positions (-2 for A and +1 for B), you would need to actually use simulation to find the magnitudes of the forces, but in practice, experimentally you would observe decreasing forces as distance increases.

Conclusion:

Claim:

• The force decreases as the distance increases.

Evidence:

• Observing that as you move objects apart, the force acting between them decreases confirms that.

Reasoning:

• According to Coulomb's Law: \[ F = k \cdot \frac{|q_A \cdot q_B|}{r^2} \]
  • This indicates that as distance (r) increases, the force (F) decreases because they are inversely proportional.

Claim about Charge:

Conclusion:

• The force increases as the magnitude of the charge increases.

Evidence:

• As you increased the magnitudes of charges in trials, you consistently observed stronger forces, confirming the relationship described by Coulomb's Law.

This structured approach should help in completing your observations, conclusions, and reasoning in your activity about electrostatic forces. Feel free to ask further questions if needed!