According to VSEPR Theory, what causes the repulsion that determines the molecular geometry of a molecule

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According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) Theory, the repulsion between electron pairs (bonding and nonbonding) around the central atom determines the molecular geometry of a molecule. The principle states that electron pairs (whether they are bonding pairs or nonbonding pairs) tend to repel each other and stay as far apart as possible. This repulsion leads to the arrangement of electron pairs in three-dimensional space, which ultimately determines the shape of the molecule.
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My apologies for the confusion in my previous response. The repulsion that determines the molecular geometry of a molecule is primarily caused by the electron pairs around the central atom. Electron pairs, whether they are bonding pairs or lone pairs, repel each other due to their negative charge. The repulsion between these electron pairs determines the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the resulting molecular shape or geometry. Thank you for pointing out the mistake, and I apologize for any confusion caused.