According to Le Chatelier's Principle, the following stressors can cause a shift in the equilibrium of a reaction:
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Temperature - Changing the temperature can shift the equilibrium position depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
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Pressure - Changing the pressure (by changing the volume of the container) can affect equilibria involving gases, favoring the side with fewer moles of gas if pressure is increased.
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Concentration - Changing the concentration of either reactants or products will shift the equilibrium to counteract the change.
A catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium; it only speeds up the rate at which equilibrium is reached.
So, the stressors that will cause a shift in the equilibrium of a reaction are:
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Concentration