To find the unit rate of discovery, we can divide the total number of new species discovered by the number of years.
Given that 4,000 species were discovered in 2 years, we can calculate the unit rate as follows:
\[ \text{Unit Rate} = \frac{4,000 \text{ species}}{2 \text{ years}} = 2,000 \text{ species per year} \]
Thus, the correct answer is:
C: 2,000 species 1 year