The author appears to be using anecdotal evidence and observational evidence to develop their argument about the social structure and behaviors within a wolf pack.
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Anecdotal Evidence: The reference to the average size of a wolf leader's offspring (four pups) could be based on specific observations or general knowledge about wolf packs, which provides insight into reproductive patterns.
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Observational Evidence: The mention of three-week-old wolf pups being able to play suggests direct observation of their developmental behavior, indicating social learning and interaction within the pack.
Overall, the author combines these types of evidence to highlight the dynamics within wolf packs, such as leadership roles and the early development of pups.