Here are the answers to your questions:
A) The option that describes a set of related information comprised of separate elements that operates and can be used as a unit by a computer is: data.
B) The option that would be described as a computational model is: biological system simulation.
C) For a situation involving carbon dioxide output, rising global temperatures, and sea levels that affect cities below sea level, the best model to use would be: multiscale.
D) The mathematical representation of a real-world system, behavior, or event is known as a: model.
E) The type of model that represents a system that changes constantly over time is: continuous.