Given the U.S. manufacturer's desire to produce chips in Japan with minimal financial investment and risk, and without active involvement in the operations, the best expansion method would be c. licensing.
Licensing allows the U.S. company to grant rights to a Japanese firm to produce and sell chips, enabling the U.S. company to leverage the local company's expertise and resources without the need for significant investment or involvement in the day-to-day operations. This method minimizes both financial commitment and operational risk.