Let's denote \( x \) as the number of firefighters.
The total cost for each firefighter includes both wages and benefits. According to the problem:
- The wage per firefighter is $40,000.
- The benefits per firefighter are $20,000.
Therefore, the total cost per firefighter is:
\[ \text{Total cost per firefighter} = \text{Wage} + \text{Benefits} = 40,000 + 20,000 = 60,000 \]
Now, if the town spends its whole budget of $600,000 on the firefighters, we can set up the equation:
\[ 60,000x = 600,000 \]
Where:
- \( 60,000x \) is the total cost for \( x \) firefighters.
- \( 600,000 \) is the total budget.
Thus, the equation you are looking for is:
\[ 60,000x = 600,000 \]
Now, you can solve for \( x \) to find out how many firefighters the town can employ.